In a Review of 2000 Studies of Human Behavior
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In a review of 2000 studies of homo behavior that date back [#permalink] 
Updated on: 25 Jan 2019, 03:49
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In a review of 2000 studies of human beliefs that date back to the 1940's, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to command for such variables as social form and family size, none could be taken seriously.
(A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social form and family size,
(B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social course and family unit size, and
(C) psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables equally social class and family size,
(D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies neglect in controlling for such variables similar social class and family unit size,
(Due east) psychologists alleged that since well-nigh of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family unit size,
Originally posted by macjas on 11 May 2012, 22:29.
Terminal edited past Bunuel on 25 Jan 2019, 03:49, edited 3 times in total.
Edited the question.
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that date back [#permalink] 12 May 2012, 08:25
The core point here is that the psychologists declared virtually something that had happened earlier. And then the human action of declaration requires a elementary past such as declared and the before consequence failing requires a past perfect such as had filed.
A. psychologists, declaring that since well-nigh of the studies had failed to control for such variables every bit social class and family size,----- lacks a working verb for the discipline psychologists. So a fragment
B psychologists, declaring that nearly of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and ….same problem as in A; in addition the utilize of like to announce example is incorrect.
C psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social grade and family unit size, ---- The subordinate clause introduced past since lacks a verb and hence a fragment
D. psychologists declared that since most of the studies neglect in controlling for such variables like social form and family size, ------- shift of tense using a present tense verb fail is wrong; as likewise, use of similar is wrong.
East psychologists declared that since nigh of the studies had failed to control for variables such equally social class and family size, ------- right choice with proper sequence of tense and utilise of such every bit to mark examples.
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that date back [#permalink] 30 Nov 2021, 03:21
Dear Friends,
Hither is a detailed explanation to this question -
macjas wrote:
In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that appointment back to the 1940's, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social grade and family size, none could be taken seriously.
(A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to command for such variables as social grade and family size,
(B) psychologists, declaring that almost of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables similar social class and family unit size, and
(C) psychologists alleged that since well-nigh of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family unit size,
(D) psychologists declared that since well-nigh of the studies fail in controlling for such variables similar social course and family size,
(E) psychologists alleged that since about of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social form and family size,
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended core meaning of this sentence is that ii Swiss psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such every bit social class and family unit size, none could be taken seriously.
Concepts tested here: Meaning + Verb Forms + Tenses + Grammatical Construction + Idioms
• If a sentence contains multiple by actions, the past perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb "had") is used to refer to all but the most recent action; the uncomplicated past tense is used to refer to the most recent action.
• The elementary present tense is used to indicate actions taking place in the current time frame, indicate habitual deportment, state universal truths, and convey information that is permanent in nature.
• "like" is used for comparing nouns, "every bit" is used for comparing actions/clauses, and "such as" is used for giving examples.
• For referring to the purpose/intent of actions the infinitive verb grade ("to + base or of verb") is preferred over the present participle ("verb+ing").
A: This reply choice fails to form a complete judgement; as "declaring" is a present participle ("verb+ing") acting every bit a noun modifier, at that place is no active verb to deed upon the discipline "psychologists".
B: This answer option fails to form a complete sentence; every bit "declaring" is a nowadays participle ("verb+ing") acting equally a substantive modifier, there is no active verb to act upon the subject "psychologists". Further, Option B alters the significant of the judgement through the phrases "that about of the studies failed" and "and none could be taken seriously"; the omission of whatsoever coordinating conjunctions (such every bit "since" in the correct answer pick) incorrectly implies that most of the studies had failed to control for variables such every bit social course and family unit size, and equally a separate action , none could be taken seriously; the intended meaning is that most of the studies had failed to control for variables such every bit social class and family size, and equally a result , none could exist taken seriously. Additionally, Selection B incorrectly uses the unproblematic by tense verb "failed" to refer to the primeval of multiple actions that concluded in the past - well-nigh of the studies failing to control for sure variables, none of the studies being able to be taken seriously, and the Swiss psychologists declaring this information; please retrieve, if a sentence contains multiple past deportment, the by perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb "had") is used to refer to all but the virtually recent action; the simple by tense is used to refer to the virtually recent action. Moreover, Selection B incorrectly uses "like" to provide the examples of "social class" and "family size"; please remember, "like" is used for comparing nouns, "every bit" is used for comparison actions/clauses, and "such as" is used for giving examples. Likewise, Choice B uses the present participle ("verb+ing" - "decision-making" in this sentence) to refer to the intent behind the action "failed"; please think, for referring to the purpose/intent of actions the infinitive verb form ("to + base or of verb") is preferred over the nowadays participle ("verb+ing" - "decision-making" in this sentence).
C: This answer choice fails to course a complete sentence; as "having failed" is a present participle phrase ("verb+ing") acting as a substantive modifier, there is no active verb to act upon the bailiwick "about of the studies". Further, Option C incorrectly places information vital to the significant of the sentence - the fact that most of the studies failed to control for such variables as social class and family unit size - between commas; please remember, information vital to the meaning of the sentence cannot exist placed betwixt commas.
D: This reply selection incorrectly uses the simple present tense verb "neglect" to refer to the primeval of multiple deportment that ended in the past - nigh of the studies failing to control for sure variables, none of the studies being able to be taken seriously, and the Swiss psychologists declaring this information; please remember, if a sentence contains multiple past actions, the past perfect tense (marked by the apply of the helping verb "had") is used to refer to all but the most contempo action; the simple past tense is used to refer to the most recent action, and the uncomplicated nowadays tense is used to signal deportment taking place in the electric current time frame, indicate habitual deportment, land universal truths, and convey data that is permanent in nature. Additionally, Option D incorrectly uses "like" to provide the examples of "social class" and "family size"; please call back, "like" is used for comparing nouns, "equally" is used for comparing actions/clauses, and "such as" is used for giving examples. Likewise, Option D uses the present participle ("verb+ing" - "controlling" in this judgement) to refer to the intent behind the action "failed"; please remember, for referring to the purpose/intent of actions the infinitive verb course ("to + base or of verb") is preferred over the nowadays participle ("verb+ing" - "decision-making" in this judgement).
E: Correct. This respond choice acts upon the subjects "psychologists" and "most of the studies" with the agile verbs "alleged" and "had failed" respectively to form complete thoughts, leading to complete sentences. Moreover, Option Due east uses the phrase "that since most of the studies"; the use of the coordinating conjunction "since" conveys the intended meaning - that most of the studies had failed to command for variables such as social form and family unit size, and as a outcome , none could be taken seriously. Further, Option E correctly employ the past perfect tense verb "had failed" to refer to the earliest of multiple actions that concluded in the past - well-nigh of the studies failing to control for certain variables, none of the studies beingness able to exist taken seriously, and the Swiss psychologists declaring this information. Additionally, Option E correctly uses "such every bit" to provide the examples of "social class" and "family size. Option Due east as well avoids the grammatical construction error seen in Option C, as information technology places no information between commas. Likewise, Choice Eastward uses the infinitive verb grade ("to + base form of verb" - "to + command") to refer to the intent behind the activity "had failed".
Hence, E is the best answer choice.
To sympathize the concept of "Uncomplicated Tenses" on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (~1 infinitesimal):
To sympathise the concept of using "Infinitive Verb Forms" and "Present Participles" on GMAT, you lot may want to watch the following video (~ii minutes):
To understand the concept of "Past Perfect Tense" on GMAT, yous may want to spotter the following video (~ii minutes):
All the best!
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human beliefs that date back [#permalink] Updated on: 07 Jul 2014, 03:20
In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that engagement dorsum to the 1940'due south, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since nearly of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could exist taken seriously.
A psychologists, declaring that since well-nigh of the studies had failed to command for such variables as social course and family size,
B psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and
C psychologists declared that since near of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social grade and family size,
D psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in decision-making for such variables like social class and family size,
Due east psychologists declared that since almost of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,
POE:
ane. Bailiwick psychologists needs a chief verb and gerund (declaring)cannot exist a chief verb.and then use of verb declared is right.
so A & B is out.
ii.In pick C: having failed is a participial form and as such cannot be the main verb in the clause.also it looks very awkward.and so option is likewise out.
3.In choice D: English has a rule of sequence of tenses:
once a verb form is marked for past tense,the following verb forms that describe the same object or event accept to be in the past tense also. Thus,fail is the wrong verb grade. The expression such Ten like Y is incorrect in English language; the correct usage is such X as Y.
by this reason D is too out.
so we are left with correct choice E.
yet one tin argue why past perfect is used in choice E?where are the sequence of effect? and this may misfile some one whether this is the right pick!!
here is explanation for past perfect "had failed" is correctly used:
All the events in the statement:
one. Psychologists declared
2. Studies failed
3. Could not exist taken seriously
Are all of these three events independent?
The answer is No.
The start event i.e. declaration is independent because the act of declaring is non dependent on what was declared.
However, the failure of studies and taking them seriously are dependent. The failure of studies to control for variables must precede the event - they cannot exist taken seriously. Isn't it?
Can nosotros say that both the second and the third events take place simultaneously? It means saying that studies failed to control for variables and at the same time, they could not exist taken seriously.
No. The second event must precede tertiary event. Why? The reason is that the second event explains the third event. First, the studies failed. And because it failed, it could not be taken seriously.
So to express this sequence that first the studies failed and and so they could be taken seriously, by perfect tense is used for the event that took place earlier.
kudos if yous like!! 
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Originally posted by USADream on xix Jul 2013, 19:35.
Last edited by USADream on 07 Jul 2014, 03:20, edited 2 times in total.
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human beliefs that date back [#permalink] 09 Jul 2013, 20:41
A psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables equally social class and family size,---- Declaring does non represent the correct verb tense
B psychologists, declaring that nigh of the studies failed in non controlling for such variables like social class and family unit size, and---- Declaring does not stand for the correct verb tense
C psychologists declared that since nearly of the studies, having failed to control for such variables equally social class and family unit size, -having failed is again incorrect
D psychologists declared that since most of the studies neglect in controlling for such variables like social grade and family size,----declared is simple by which is non incorrect but a past perfect is simply what we need
East psychologists declared that since almost of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,---bingo
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of homo beliefs that date back [#permalink] 28 October 2013, 12:06
In a review of 2000 studies of man behavior that appointment back to the 1940's, ii Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables equally social course and family size, none could exist taken seriously.
A] psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to command for such variables as social class and family unit size,-->NO primary verb
B] psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in non decision-making for such variables like social class and family unit size, and
C] psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to command for such variables equally social class and family unit size,
D] psychologists declared that since most of the studies neglect in controlling for such variables like social form and family unit size,
E] psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family unit size,-->verb and modifier are right
Quote:
I am applying e-gmat verb-ing and verb-ed modifiers concept hither and able to negate option B C D. merely confused in option A and E
in option A - declaring correctly modify noun "two Swiss psychologists" and
in option E also - declared correctly alter noun "two Swiss psychologists" then how we can eliminate the wrong pick
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that engagement back [#permalink] 04 Nov 2013, 06:37
solanki2803 wrote:
In a review of 2000 studies of human beliefs that date dorsum to the 1940's, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.
A] psychologists, declaring that since nearly of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,
B] psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social form and family size, and
C] psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables equally social class and family size,
D] psychologists declared that since nigh of the studies fail in controlling for such variables similar social grade and family size,
East] psychologists declared that since near of the studies had failed to control for variables such every bit social class and family unit size,
I am applying e-gmat verb-ing and verb-ed modifiers concept here and able to negate option B C D. but dislocated in option A and E
in pick A - declaring correctly modify substantive "two Swiss psychologists" and
in option East too - declared correctly modify noun "two Swiss psychologists" then how we can eliminate the wrong option
Hello Solanki,
Wish you and you family a very Happy and Prosperous Diwali.
Thanks for posting your uncertainty here.
Let's analyze Pick A first: psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables equally social form and family size: In this answer choice, "declaring", the verb-ing modifier modifies "2 Swiss psychologists. All the same, the master subject of the sentence, "two Swiss psychologists" does not have a master verb. Notation that the subject of the verb "had failed" is "nearly of the studies" and the subject area for "could be taken" is "none". So nosotros have fragment error here.
Now let'southward take a await at Pick E : psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such every bit social grade and family size,: The first affair that you need to run into here is that "alleged" is NOT a verb-ed modifier. It is the VERB for the subject "two Swiss psychologists". It is then considering the psychologists themselves are the doer of the activeness of declaring. The error of missing verb has been rectified in this selection.
For more on whether a verb-ed word is a past tense verb or a verb-ed modifier, please read the following article:
ed-forms-verbs-or-modifiers-134691.html
Promise this helps.
Cheers.
Shraddha
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human being behavior that date back [#permalink] sixteen Mar 2014, 10:45
We have posted a video solution to this question here:
http://www.gmatpill.com/official-guide- ... p?id=ogsc1
Notice this question partially tests "such as" vs "like"
When you are listing out examples, you should employ "such every bit"...
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human beliefs that date back [#permalink] 24 Jul 2014, 06:34
macjas wrote:
In a review of 2000 studies of homo behavior that date back to the 1940'due south, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since about of the studies had failed to control for such variables equally social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.
A psychologists, declaring that since well-nigh of the studies had failed to control for such variables every bit social class and family size,
B psychologists, declaring that about of the studies failed in not decision-making for such variables like social form and family size, and
C psychologists alleged that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables equally social course and family unit size,
D psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables similar social class and family size,
E psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such equally social class and family size,
From OG 13...
Meaning
Afterwards reviewing 2000 studies on human behavior swiss psychologists declared something.
This proclamation stated that most of the studies didn't take into business relationship variables such every bit grade and family size.
Due to this discrepancy in studies, none of the studies could exist taken seriously
Error Analysis
In a review of 2000 studies of human being behavior that engagement back to the 1940's, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.
The original statement has 2 major errors.
Modifier Error: The modifier declaring is placed later swiss psychologists and before the shut. It is ambiguous what is "declaring" modifying in the statement. The correct answer selection should change this modifier to verb-ed modifier or remove ambiguity
Usage of As: "Such Variables" are compared to social class and family size. When as is used for comparing it is used forth with a clause. " Variable were biased as they were inconclusive" . In this judgement the correct usage of as would exist to present examples, hence nosotros demand to apply such equally.
POE
A psychologists, declaring that since virtually of the studies had failed to command for such variables as social class and family unit size,
For the original errors mentioned in error assay
B psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family unit size, and
In this case Modifier error still stands. Likewise as is replaced past like. Like tin be used for comparison betwixt 2 entities, hence usage of like is incorrect hither
C psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables equally social grade and family size,
Although the sentence corrects the original modifier mistake it introduces the modifier having failed to control which creates ambiguity in the sentence. Modifier placed later a clause modifier the entire clause. Hence, in this cases the annunciation of psychologist is modified by having. As error withal stands
D psychologists declared that since most of the studies neglect in controlling for such variables like social class and family size,
Correct the modifier error simply introduces similar which is incorrect form of comparison
Eastward psychologists declared that since nigh of the studies had failed to command for variables such as social class and family size,
This statement is correct every bit it corrects the modifier error and also introduces social class and family unit size equally example
This is the due east-gmat way . Do weigh in experts.
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that date back [#permalink] 24 Jul 2014, 09:39
farhanc85 wrote:
The original statement has 2 major errors.
Modifier Fault: The modifier declaring is placed afterward swiss psychologists and earlier the close. It is ambiguous what is "declaring" modifying in the argument. The correct reply choice should change this modifier to verb-ed modifier or remove ambiguity
I don't believe in that location is whatsoever ambiguity. declaring is modifying ii Swiss psychologists.
Quote:
Usage of Every bit: "Such Variables" are compared to social class and family size. When as is used for comparison information technology is used along with a clause. " Variable were biased equally they were inconclusive" . In this judgement the right usage of as would be to present examples, hence we need to use such as.
The sentence does apply such variables as. This construct is also valid, when the intent is to give examples. There are quite a few examples of this nature in the OG. For example: #64, OG-13: Doctors generally concord that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption ....
Quote:
A psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables every bit social class and family size,
For the original errors mentioned in mistake analysis
A major event with this option is that with this option, the original sentence is not a sentence at all. Information technology is just a fragment, because in that location is no primary verb. Please annotation that declaring should be inverse to declared. Notwithstanding, this declared is not (what you have called) a verb-ed modifier. Information technology is actually a verb (a simple by tense verb).
Quote:
B psychologists, declaring that nigh of the studies failed in not decision-making for such variables like social grade and family unit size, and
In this case Modifier fault withal stands.
Once again, there is no ambiguity with respect to modifier. The event is same as information technology is in selection A: It is but a fragment.
Quote:
C psychologists alleged that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social form and family size,
[b]Although the sentence corrects the original modifier error it introduces the modifier having failed to control which creates ambiguity in the sentence. Modifier placed
after a clause modifier the entire clause. Hence, in this cases the declaration of psychologist is modified by having. As error still stands
The major upshot is that since is used as a subordinating conjunction here, and so, must be followed by a clause. Only, nearly of the studies, having failed to command for such variables as social class and family unit size is not a clause.
Quote:
D psychologists alleged that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social course and family unit size,
Right the modifier error but introduces like which is incorrect class of comparing
This option is improve than the to a higher place options, in the sense that this is at least a sentence. An issue is with tense, since this uses simple present tense (fail) to depict an event that happened in past. Too, every bit you lot take rightly pointed out, like is incorrect.
Quote:
Do counterbalance in experts.
Hope it helped. Please notation that earlier nosotros starting time applying the myriad micro rules (modifier error, pronoun ambiguity, subject verb agreement etc. etc.), please make sure that you apply the macro rule: Is the pick resulting in a sentence at all!
p.s. Our book SC Nirvana discusses "Clauses", their application and examples in significant detail. If you can PM you email, I tin can send you the corresponding section.
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human beliefs that appointment back [#permalink] 26 Sep 2014, 22:19
In a review of 2000 studies of man beliefs that date back to the 1940's, 2 Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to command for such variables as social class and family size, none could exist taken seriously.
A psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social form and family size,
B psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family unit size, and
C psychologists declared that since nearly of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social course and family unit size,
D psychologists declared that since well-nigh of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social form and family size,
Due east psychologists declared that since well-nigh of the studies had failed to command for variables such as social class and family size,
Verb Sequencing.
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of man beliefs that date back [#permalink] 23 Feb 2016, 06:11
arirux92 wrote:
In a review of 2,000 studies of homo behavior that appointment back to the 1940s, ii Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to command for such variables as social grade and family unit size, none could be taken seriously.
(A) psychologists, declaring that since virtually of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family unit size,
(B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and
(C) psychologists declared that since about of the studies, having failed to control for such variables every bit social class and family size,
(D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size,
(E) psychologists alleged that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social grade and family size,
How-do-you-do,
the Q tests on following aspect:-
1) Verb +ing modifier--
past converting the portion after psychologists in verb+ing modifier, we have the noun psycho without a verb/activity
eliminate A and B...
2) use of Such every bit--
we use such as to testify examples..
D tin can exist eliminated
3) In C having clause does non make sense..
4) Use of Past perfect--
Since we are talking of studies of an earlier period, past perfect is correctly used in Due east..
ans E
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that engagement dorsum [#permalink] 24 Feb 2016, 01:17
In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables every bit social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.
(A) psychologists, declaring that since near of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,
Verb+ing (declaring) does non human activity as a verb. Hence this argument lacks a main verb
(B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social grade and family size, and
Verb+ing (declaring) does not human action every bit a verb. Hence this argument lacks a principal verb
(C) psychologists alleged that since well-nigh of the studies, having failed to control for such variables every bit social class and family size,
Having does not makes sense. Since the written report happened in the past, hence perfect tense is needed.
(D) psychologists declared that since well-nigh of the studies fail in decision-making for such variables like social class and family size,
Such as is used to state examples, not like
(E) psychologists alleged that since most of the studies had failed to command for variables such as social class and family size,
Correct. Since the study happened in the by, hence perfect tense is needed.
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human beliefs that date back [#permalink] 03 November 2016, 21:49
sidoknowia wrote:
Tin you delight explicate why option C is incorrect. I did not become your caption. Can you delight provide an case ?
Since (used in the sense of because here) is used equally a subordinating conjunction in this judgement.
Subordinating conjunctions mark the start of a Dependent clause. In other words, a clause (portion of judgement with a verb) must follow since. Here, the portion of judgement that follows since is:
most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables equally social class and family size
This does non have a verb. Hence, this portion is non a clause.
p.due south. Our book EducationAisle Judgement Correction Nirvana discusses Subordinating Conjunction, its application and examples in pregnant item. If someone is interested, PM me your e-mail-id; I can mail the respective section.
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human being beliefs that engagement back [#permalink] 04 May 2017, 04:00
In that location are two actions in this judgement - 'declaring something' and 'failed to control'. Whenever you run across more than ane activeness, endeavour to go them directly in time.
what happened start? The studies failed to control.....
Then, this office takes "had" and the other part "declaring" must be in the past tense.
The only respond choice that corrects both the errors is E.
A) 'declaring' should exist 'declared'
B) 'declaring' should be 'declared'
C) 'having failed' should be 'had failed'
D) 'fail' should be 'had failed'
East) correct
Highlighted only the decision points for a faster understanding.
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that date back [#permalink] 27 Jun 2017, 01:02
If we scan first few words we can run into a split up between 'psychologists, declaring…' and 'psychologist declared….'
Hither 'psychologist' is the bailiwick. In A and B, we should accept verb after 2d comma. In A, we have 'none could..' after second comma. Verb is missing. Eliminate.
Similarly in B, 'and' is present after second comma. Verb is missing. Eliminate B
If we compare last words of C, D and E, we have split up betwixt 'such as' and such similar'. In D, 'such similar' is incorrect in GMAT. Eliminate D.
In C, 'declare that..' must followed with a clause. Subject is 'most of the …', after that we have two commas, verb must be present later second comma. We have 'none..' after second comma. Verb is missing after second comma. Eliminate C.
Hence E is the correct reply.
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that date back [#permalink] 19 Jul 2017, xiv:09
We can easily find the answer using a timeline
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human beliefs that engagement dorsum [#permalink] 27 Jul 2017, xiv:xiv
In a review of 2000 studies of homo behavior that appointment back to the 1940'due south, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since well-nigh of the studies had failed to command for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.
A psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to command for such variables as social grade and family unit size,
B psychologists, declaring that well-nigh of the studies failed in not decision-making for such variables like social class and family unit size, and
C psychologists declared that since near of the studies, having failed to control for such variables every bit social class and family size,
D psychologists alleged that since near of the studies fail in decision-making for such variables similar social class and family unit size,
East psychologists declared that since nearly of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,
Hence, Answer is Due east
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that date back [#permalink] 15 May 2018, 09:46
In a review of two,000 studies of homo beliefs that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since virtually of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.
(A) psychologists, declaring that since nearly of the studies had failed to control for such variables every bit social class and family size,
"Declaring" is a gerund and not the verb of the judgement hence it is a fragment and goes out.
(B) psychologists, declaring that nearly of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables similar social class and family size, and
"Declaring" is a gerund and non the verb of the sentence hence it is a fragment.
Such...similar is used to compare things hence non the correct usage here. Like is the right usage.
(C) psychologists declared that since about of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,
having failed is the participle form and not the main verb of the judgement, hence it goes out.
(D) psychologists declared that since nearly of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family unit size,
FAIL is not the right verb for the by tense reporting verb "alleged".
like is not the appropriate usage.
(E) psychologists declared that since virtually of the studies had failed to control for variables such every bit social class and family unit size,
Correct usage of the tense, verb
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human beliefs that date back [#permalink] 11 Sep 2018, 14:24
Hello Anybody!
Let's take a closer expect at this question to find the correct answer! Earlier we dive in, here is the original question, with any major differences between each option highlighted in orangish:
In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that date dorsum to the 1940's, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since nigh of the studies had failed to control for such variables equally social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.
(A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to command for such variables as social course and family size,
(B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables similar social class and family size, and
(C) psychologists declared that since almost of the studies, having failed to control for such variables every bit social form and family size,
(D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social form and family size,
(Eastward) psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social grade and family unit size,
After a quick browse over the options, it'due south clear that two major issues demand to be addressed:
ane. declaring vs. declared
2. had failed / failed / having failed / fail
Let'due south start with #one on our list: declaring vs. declared. No matter which i nosotros choose, it volition knock out 2-iii options chop-chop.
We know that we have a past tense verb (declared) and a nowadays participle (declaring).
We tin can also see that the answers that use "declaring" also have a comma before them, creating a non-essential clause. That means whatever we put between commas is not important, and tin exist removed without changing the meaning or grammatical correctness of what'due south left over. Non-essential clauses are a popular trouble with GMAT SC questions, and so we'll check to make sure they're existence used correctly while also checking for verb tense issues.
To make this a fiddling easier to see, I've added the non-underlined portions of the sentence:
(A) In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that date dorsum to the 1940's, ii Swiss psychologists, declaring that since nigh of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family unit size, none could be taken seriously. --> Wrong
If we remove the non-essential clause that begins with "declaring," we run across that the remainder of the sentence doesn't make sense because it's missing a verb (What did the psychologists do?). It likewise doesn't brand sense to apply the present participle here. The psychologists are not still declaring the studies are screwed up - information technology all happened in the past. Therefore, this cannot be the correct option.
(B) In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that engagement back to the 1940'south, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that near of the studies failed in non controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and none could be taken seriously. --> Wrong
Again, if we remove the non-essential clause that begins with "declaring," we see that the remainder of the judgement doesn't make sense because it's missing a verb (What did the psychologists do?). It besides doesn't make sense to use the nowadays participle here. The psychologists are not still declaring the studies are screwed up - information technology all happened in the past. Therefore, this cannot exist the correct selection.
(C) In a review of 2000 studies of man beliefs that appointment back to the 1940's, two Swiss psychologists declared that since well-nigh of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could exist taken seriously. --> Wrong
Okay, then while this sentence uses the right past tense verb tense "declared," there is still a problem with not-essential clauses. If we cross out the phrase, "having failed to command for such variables as social grade and family unit size," what nosotros're left with doesn't brand sense. Therefore this too cannot exist a correct option.
(D) In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940's, two Swiss psychologists declared that since well-nigh of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family unit size, none could be taken seriously. --> Skilful
In that location is no issue with how the verb "declared" is handled here, then permit's save it for afterwards!
(E) In a review of 2000 studies of man behavior that date back to the 1940'southward, two Swiss psychologists declared that since almost of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social form and family size, none could be taken seriously. --> GOOD
In that location is no issue with how the verb "declared" is handled here, and so let's salvage it for later!
You can eliminate options A, B, and C because they either utilise the wrong verb tense or the commas around the non-essential clauses are misplaced!
At present that we've narrowed information technology down to only 2 options, let'due south tackle #2 on our listing: fail vs. had failed.
We know that the psychologists declared in the past that the studies shouldn't be taken seriously. Nosotros likewise know that before they made that declaration, the studies had failed in some way. This means nosotros have two past tense events to deal with! We also know that nosotros should employ unlike verbs to indicate what order these events happened in:
Past Perfect --> Past Tense --> Present --> Time to come
Permit's see how each answer stacks up!
(D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in decision-making for such variables like social class and family size,
This is INCORRECT because it uses the nowadays tense "fail," which conveys the wrong meaning. These studies aren't still failing - they failed in the past, causing two Swiss psychologists to declare them bad studies.
(E) psychologists alleged that since virtually of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,
This is Correct! It uses the by perfect "had failed" to show that the studies had failed before the psychologists alleged them bad studies.
At that place yous have it - selection E is the correct choice! It uses the right verb forms, and doesn't have any problems with punctuation or non-essential clauses!
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Re: In a review of 2000 studies of human behavior that date back [#permalink]
11 Sep 2018, 14:24
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